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Servant Girl Annihilator
A serial killer, popularly known as the Servant Girl Annihilator, preyed upon the city of Austin, Texas (1885 population approximately 17,000)〔Hollandsworth, Skip. "(Capital Murder )", ''Texas Monthly'', July 2000.〕 during the years 1884 and 1885.〔 The series of murders was referred to by contemporary sources as "The Servant Girl Murders."〔Galloway, J.R. ''The Servant Girl Murders: Austin, Texas 1885''. 2010. ISBN 1-60910-123-5.〕 The December 26, 1885 issue of ''The New York Times'' reported that the "murders were committed by some cunning madman, who is insane on the subject of killing women."〔"(Three Murders in One Night )", ''New York Times'', December 26, 1885.〕
==Murders==
According to ''Texas Monthly'', seven females (five black, two white), and one black male were murdered. Additionally, six women and two men were seriously injured. All of the victims were attacked indoors while asleep in their beds. Five of the female victims were then dragged, unconscious but still alive, and killed outdoors. Three of the female victims were severely mutilated while outdoors. Only one of the murdered male victims was mutilated indoors. All of the victims were posed in a similar manner. Six of the murdered female victims had a "sharp object" inserted into their ears. The series of murders ended with the killing of two white women, Eula Phillips, age 17, and Susan Hancock, who was attacked while sleeping in the bed of her sixteen-year-old daughter, on the night of 24 December 1885.〔
According to a page one article in the ''New York Times'' of December 26, 1885, four hundred men were arrested during the course of the year.〔 According to ''Texas Monthly'', powerful elected officials refused to believe that one man or one group of men was responsible for all of the murders. Only one of those arrested, James Phillips, was convicted of the murder of his wife. The conviction was later overturned.〔
The serial murders represent an early example of a serial killer operating in the United States, three years before the Jack the Ripper murders in Whitechapel.〔 In her book, ''Jack the Ripper: The American Connection'' author Shirley Harrison asserted that the Texas killer and Jack the Ripper were one and the same man, namely, James Maybrick. According to author Philip Sugden in ''The Complete History of Jack the Ripper'', the conjecture that the murders were committed by the same hand originated in October, 1888, when an editor with the ''Atlanta Constitution'' proposed the conjecture following the murders of Stride and Eddowes by Jack the Ripper.〔Sugden, Philip. ''The Complete History of Jack the Ripper''. Carroll & Graf, 1995. ISBN 0-7867-0276-1.〕 London authorities questioned several American cowboys, one of whom, according to the authors of ''Jack the Ripper, A to Z'', was possibly Buck Taylor, a performer in Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show,〔Paul Begg, Martin Fido, Keith Skinner. ''Jack the Ripper, A to Z'' John Blake Publishing, 2010. ISBN 1-84454-797-3.〕 who was born in Fredricksburg, Texas,〔Russell, Don. ''(The Lives and Legends of Buffalo Bill )''. University of Oklahoma Press, 1979. p. 306. ISBN 0-8061-1537-8.〕 about seventy miles west of the city of Austin, Texas.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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